Physical fitness is the ability to be physically active, to move and respond to the environment. People can take various tests to measure their physical performance. Such tests are necessary for some occupations, such as soldiers and firefighters.
Physical fitness has two components: general fitness (a state of health and well-being) and specific fitness (the ability to perform specific aspects of sports or occupations).
The President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports — a study group sponsored by the United States Government — declines to offer a simple definition of physical fitness. Instead, it developed the following chart:[1]
| Physiological | Health related | Skill related | Sports |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic | Body composition | Agility | Team sport |
| Morphological | Cardiovascular fitness | Balance | Individual |
| Bone integrity | Flexibility | Coordination | Lifetime |
| Other | Endurance | Power | Other |
| Muscle strength | Speed | ||
| Reaction time | |||
| Other |
Health related components: those factors that are related to how well the systems of your body work.
Body composition is the relative percentage of body fat compared to lean body mass (muscle, bone, water,etc)
Cardiovascular fitness: the ability of the circulatory system (heart and blood vessels) to supply oxygen to working muscles during exercise.
Flexibility: the range of movement possible at various joints.
Accordingly, a general-purpose physical fitness program must address those issues.[2]
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